In winter, flocks may wander in search of food sources. Large waves of migrants leave the Cascades and more northerly habitats and arrive in the eastern Washington lowlands in autumn. They are one of the last warblers to leave their breeding grounds in the fall, and one of the first to return in the spring. Yellow-rumped Warblers are short to long-distance migrants. On their tropical wintering grounds they live in mangroves, thorn scrub, pine-oak-fir forests, and shade coffee plantations. During fall and winter, Yellow-rumped Warblers frequent to higher elevations, finding open areas with fruiting shrubs or scattered trees. One notable exception to their breeding habitat is the San Juan Islands, where they nest in Pacific madrone. In the Pacific Northwest and the Northeast, they occur from elevations of 12,000 feet to sea level in places where conifers are present. and in the central Appalachian mountains, they are found mostly in mountainous areas. Warblers spend the breeding season in mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands, preferring small openings with dense, wet, hardwood forest. Myrtle Warblers are rare vagrants to western Europe, and have wintered in Great Britain. Yellow-rumped Warblers frequent North America, Central America, and the Carribean. Winter birds display similar patterning, but are duller and paler brown.ĭistribution map provided by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Males are generally more striking than females, who are duller and may show some brown. All species share yellow flank patches and white eyerings. Their average basal metabolic rate is 0.1895 W.Īs the name suggests, Yellow-rumped Warblers possess a yellow rump. The Yellow-rumped Warblers is a fairly large, full-bodied bird with a large head, sturdy bill, and long, narrow tail. They have patches of white on their yellow throats. Similar in appearance to the Black-fronted Warbler, but the back is entirely black. goldmani – non-migratory endemic to the highlands of Guatemala. The scientific name of this warbler was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1766. The genus name Setophaga is from ancient Greek ses, "moth", and phagos, "eating", and the specific coronata means "crowned". It has been calculated that it will take more than 6 million years for these taxa to completely fuse. Due to the interbreeding in this area, the hybrid zone extends 150 km in either direction and will probably continue to grow as time passes. The divergent populations probably came into contact again about 7500 years ago and now interbreed where their ranges meet, in the passes of the Canadian Rockies. The Myrtle form was apparently separated from the others by glaciation during the Pleistocene, and the Audubon's form may have originated more recently through hybridization between the myrtle warbler and the Mexican nigrifrons form. Proper taxonomic treatments remain a matter of debate. 10.2 classifies the myrtle, Audubon's, and Goldman's as separate species ( Setophaga coronata, Setophaga auduboni, and Setophaga goldmani, respectively), and the black-fronted warbler as a subspecies of S. In contrast, the International IOC World Bird List v. In 2017, a proposal was made to split the Yellow-rumped Warbler into separate species. Since 1973, the American Ornithologists Union had elected to merge the two species on the basis that the two groups interbreed freely where they intergrade. The species was often considered as two separate species, the "Myrtle" and "Audubon's".
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